Rampart Probe May Put Gang Injunction at Risk
LAPD Officer's Testimony Called Fabricated

Some of the most persuasive police testimony used by prosecutors to obtain a sweeping anti-gang injunction in Los Angeles was made up, according to a fired Rampart Division (More about Rampart Division) officer who is cooperating with investigators. Former Officer Rafael A. Perez, testifying in secret to obtain a lesser sentence for stealing cocaine from the Los Angeles Police Department's property room, has labeled as fabricated a chilling portrayal of out-of-control gang violence served up by police and prosecutors to justify an unprecedented legal crackdown on the 18th Street gang.
    In a sworn court declaration, Officer Nino Durden, who was Perez's partner, described the two officers being confronted by an assault weapon-wielding 18th Street member who burst through a closed door in a vacant Pico-Union apartment building.
    "He failed to comply with my commands and pointed the guns toward my partner and I in a threatening manner," Durden's declaration said. "An officer-involved shooting occurred . . . and the [gang member] is now serving [23 years] for an attempted homicide on a police officer."
    The officer's dramatic statement was used by the Los Angeles County district attorney and the city attorney to help win one of the most sweeping anti-gang injunctions ever handed down in a Los Angeles court against dozens of 18th Street members in the Rampart Division. Now that the truth of the declaration has been questioned, the future use of the injunctions could be in jeopardy.
    As part of the largest unfolding LAPD corruption investigation in 60 years, Perez has already told department investigators that the gang member referred to in Durden's declaration was unarmed and handcuffed when he was shot. The officers then framed the victim with a planted rifle, Perez told investigators. Perez made the admission as part of a plea bargain in his cocaine-stealing case. Durden could not be reached for comment.
    The gang member, Javier Francisco Ovando, was freed from state prison Thursday at the request of prosecutors. He has been confined to a wheelchair since the shooting.
    A dozen LAPD officers have been relieved of duty or forced to leave the department in the expanding investigation. Perez has been fired and Durden has been placed on leave. The investigation was begun internally by the LAPD and has been joined by federal authorities looking into possible civil rights violations by Rampart officers against suspects who were shot, beaten or allegedly shaken down.
    Another man, Jose Perez, has told The Times that Rampart officers in July 1996 killed his friend and shot him in the back, then tried to frame him. Former Officer Perez has told LAPD investigators that the shooting was "dirty."
    The shootings and other allegations are focusing intense scrutiny on the Rampart Division gang suppression unit known as CRASH, a citywide program whose acronym stands for Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums.
    "I think this has blown the top off an ongoing pattern of misconduct that has been occurring for a long, long time," said Dennis W. Chang, an attorney for Ovando family members.
    The consequences of the spreading police inquiry already have partially undermined two court injunctions against 18th Street gang members.
    Spokespersons for Dist. Atty. Gil Garcetti and City Atty. James K. Hahn said Friday that they were reviewing the sworn statements provided by Durden, Perez and other Rampart officers. As a result, Garcetti's office said enforcement of the injunctions, which restrict gang members' activities, have been suspended in the case of several 18th Streeters. Both prosecutorial offices said they were seeking a postponement of a hearing on one of the injunctions set for this week.
    The elite, hard-charging Rampart CRASH squad had a reputation for heavy-handed tactics among some residents of the neighborhoods west of downtown. Its officers roamed the busy streets and dark alleys in unmarked Chevrolets, the first line of defense against about 30 street gangs battling block by block for turf and lucrative drug profits.
    The 8-square-mile Rampart Division is home to the densest population west of the Mississippi. It has one of Southern California's heaviest concentrations of transient and disaffected immigrants, and of working-poor families.
    And it is there, where police deal daily with some of the most grueling workloads in Los Angeles, that Durden, Perez and at least 10 other officers are under scrutiny in a wide-ranging probe of possible illegal shootings, shakedowns of drug dealers and cover-ups. How Much Did Supervisors Know?
    Durden's willingness, under penalty of perjury, to offer up an allegedly fabricated tale of the 1996 Ovando shooting underscores some of the investigators' central concerns.
    Inside the tightknit world of one of the city's proudest and busiest anti-gang units, had officers succumbed to--or purposely overlooked--a culture of lying and misconduct?
    Was this reflective of one or two rogue officers or a larger group that had spun out of control, taking the law into its own hands and mirroring the actions of the gangs the officers were assigned to control?
    And perhaps more important, where were their supervisors?
    "You've asked the $64,000 question," said Cmdr. James McMurray, head of the LAPD's Internal Affairs Group. "I think we're gonna find out."
    CRASH officers, particularly in the Rampart Division, operate in an intense environment. This was especially true during the late 1980s and early 1990s, when gang violence surged to record highs.
    Emboldened gangs, in some cases working closely with the prison-based Mexican Mafia, had expanded into drug sales, racketeering, street extortion and contract murders.
    In 1992, when homicides in Los Angeles hit their peak, Rampart was the most violent of the LAPD's 18 divisions.
    Among other things, the division's CRASH officers had to contend with the violent core of two mega-gangs--Mara Salvatrucha and 18th Street--which regularly topped the city's list of involvement in murders, robberies and witness intimidation.
    CRASH responded with forceful tactics of its own. The unit's officers often rolled out after dark, zipping back and forth across the neighborhoods around MacArthur Park. They rousted suspected gang members on street corners, lining them up with their hands behind their heads, patting them down and interrogating them about alleged gang activity.
    "You go in there and rock 'n' roll," said one LAPD veteran who worked CRASH operations in Rampart. "It's a group think. It's a kick-ass think."
    That gung-ho attitude fostered a climate ripe for abuses, the officer said. Mix of Ill Will and Gratitude
    "They figure these guys are gang members, they're here illegal. If [the gangbangers] didn't do something, they'd plant something on them.
    "It keeps 'dummy' off the street, keeps [arrest] numbers up, and everyone's happy. You would hear a spattering of that. It's very hush-hush."
    Some LAPD sources complain that CRASH officers are often the targets of fabrications themselves. Gang members try to pile misconduct complaints on officers, hoping to get them transferred out of the neighborhood, the sources say.
    "I've seen evidence of that," said McMurray, the Internal Affairs commander.
    The Rampart CRASH unit's aggressiveness has engendered a mix of ill will and gratitude among residents. Many are less concerned about gang members' civil rights being violated than about the elimination of what they view as a constant threat to their families and businesses.
    But the images of officers routinely pulling over young Latinos has left many residents leery. Such suppression tactics, they say, can sweep up innocent youths.
    Max Ocon, a longtime Rampart area businessman and member of the division's community policing advisory board, said relations between police and residents hit a low in the mid-1990s--the period under scrutiny by investigators.
    In 1996, he said, "there were many abuses by the police. . . . They treated the people like animals."
    Residents found themselves coping with a "double-edged sword--on one side there were gangs, and the other side the police," said Ocon, adding that relations with the police have improved significantly since then. Complaints About CRASH Tactics
    He and others question whether the allegations of egregious conduct being investigated would have occurred--or gone unnoticed for as long a period--in more affluent areas of the city, such as parts of the Westside or San Fernando Valley.
    Many members of Rampart's large Latino immigrant population hesitate to speak up against the gangs or the police out of fear of retribution or deportation. Police have claimed that the gangs have monitored 911 dispatches to determine who is cooperating with authorities.
    Many of the residents have also come from countries where police corruption and human rights violations are more the norm than the exception.
    "Our community is one that does not complain because of fear . . . fear of immigration [officials] or the gangs," Ocon said.
    But some people did complain.
    Officials at Police Watch, a nonprofit organization in Los Angeles that monitors police abuse and collects complaints, say they received many misconduct complaints involving Rampart Division officers during the period under investigation by authorities.
    LAPD records do not show an inordinate number of complaints at Rampart.
    In August 1994, according to Police Watch, a 28-year-old Latino said he was beaten and wrongfully arrested by Officer Perez. The man told the group he was sitting in his car when Perez and another officer pulled up about 9:30 at night. After he was ordered out of his car, the man said, he asked Perez what was going on. This sparked an angry response, according to the man's statement to Police Watch.
    "Perez grabbed [the man] by the arm [and] punched him in the mouth," the statement says. He was then "thrown to the ground [and] cuffed. One officer then put his foot on subject's head." New Captain to Deal With Fallout
    The man said he suffered bruises, strained muscles and a swollen left knee. He was arrested for hitting Perez, according to the complaint.
    Perez's lawyer, Winston McKesson, said he was not aware of any lawsuits or disciplinary actions against his client. Given Perez's admission of wrongdoing as part of a cooperation deal with investigators, McKesson said, "What you're going to find is people coming out of the woodwork" with complaints about Perez's behavior.
    Another complaint was filed by the mother of a gang member. She alleged that CRASH officers ransacked her home in November 1995 when they executed a search warrant in pursuit of her son.
    "Officers went through the house pulling everything out," she said in her Police Watch statement.
    Her son was not home, but surrendered the next day. Two days after that, she said, he came home with his face "swollen and bruised."
    The mother asked her son what happened. He told her to "leave it alone, because he had to stay there [in the area]," according to the statement.
    Rampart CRASH officers saw themselves as working against deep-rooted, menacing forces. Their views were captured in a series of sworn declarations filed in support of the two court injunctions against 18th Street gang members. Among those were statements by Perez, Durden and other officers under investigation.
    One of the suspended officers provided a lengthy overview of the gang's assaults, shootings and threats. "These crimes are committed against rival gang members, innocent civilians and even police officers," the declaration stated.
    Perez, who called himself a "narcotics expert" with more than 600 drug arrests under his belt, described citizen pleas for help and some of his efforts to control ongoing drug sales.
    As the investigation into Rampart corruption proceeds, many questions will focus on who may have known about the alleged wrongdoing and supervision failures within the police station.
    There have been persistent concerns about the quality of supervision of CRASH details in general, according to some current and former LAPD officials.
    "Ever since I have been involved in the process, there has been more of a concern about CRASH units because the level of direct supervision always appeared to be less [than] in some of the other LAPD units," said former LAPD Inspector General Katherine Mader.
    The new Rampart captain brought in to deal with the repercussions of the corruption probe said he expects the LAPD to emphasize more frequent rotation of officers through intense units such as CRASH.
    "I have to deal with what's happening right now," said Capt. Bob Hansohn.
    "I don't know what the environment was back in 1996. But to my officers the message always sent out is: 'The end never justifies the means.' "
    
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Rampart Division

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